Bacteriological incubator



wl @..FROHRING AND 1.1. MOJONNIER.

` BACTERIOLOGICAL INCUBAIOR.-

APJPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 19|9.

Patented @at l?, 51922,

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

W. 0. FROHRING AND 1.1. MOJONNIER.

BACTERIOLOGICAL INCUBATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 1919.

XN i W. 0. FROHRING AND J. J. NIOJONNIER.

l BAcTERloLoGIcAL lNcuBAToR.

APPLICATION FlLED MAY 2, i919.

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BACTERIOLOGICAL INCUBATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2. 1919.

19mm@ @en 17, 31922;

msplm NRM i Patented @ct. il?, i i922.,

unTTan sTaTas PATENT @5t-fierce.

Cx tenuate WILLANI 0. JFJRHRXNG, l? CLEVELAND. OHIO, AND JIUIIUS .TOENMOJGNNIERL, 0F

can Tann, Trainers, assrenors, nu mnsnn ASSIGNMENTS, 'ro Moacnmlta anos.co., or' cnroaeo, rnmn'orsya covaroaa'rron or rnnmorsaacrniaronoercanmeenemen.

applic-aum aleja may aieia serial no. amate.

To (all, 'whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM 0. FRoH- RING and JULrUs J. MOJONNIER, bothcitizens of the United States, and residents of Cleveland, in the countyof Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, and 0ak Park, in the county of -Cook andlState of .'lllinois, respectively,

-temperature within vthe incubator in lorder that the propagation,development, and

growth of the cultures can be regulated and automatically supervised.

with the atm-1e and othefobjece in View,

as will be apparent, this invention consists in the construction,'combination and arrangement of parts, all as hereinafter ore `fullydescribed, claimed and illustrate inY the accompanyingdrawings,'wherein:-

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of an apparatus embodying the incubator and.the storage andrefrigeration structure and Construction forming thesubject matter of the present invention;

Fig. 2 .is a vertical section taken along line 2 2 of Figfl, through theincubator,

to illustrate the construction thereof and vespecially the means wherebythe tem erature of all portions of the interior oft e incubator ismaintained the same bymeans of air` circulation;

F ig.. 3 is a similar section taken along line 3 3 of Fig.A l', throughthe refrigeration:

and. storage apparatus, lllustrating the track co-operating therewithand the door of the apparatus in its open position;

Fig 4 is a horizontal section taken along` line 't-4 of llFig.- 1, vanddiscloses, the co'-. operation between the incubator and thestorage andrefrigeration v. apparatus, to-

gether with themeans for gontrolling communication therebetween;

nd Fig, 5 isa diagrammatic view of the cir cuits throughthe medium ofwhich the temperature within the incubator is automatically. controlled.lin dairy practice there .are threel general 'The Bactewm Zal-ctie'acidi bul-gamma?,

classes of bacteria that are always uniderw Y consideration andlobservation bythei dairyman; the first, Bazteum 'Zarcts acidi, commonlyknown as lactic acid, because of its extreme usefulness; the second,lwcterium'f Zacis am'd acroge'ues, because of its total 60undesirability-and the nancial losses oo; casioned' thereby; andthethird,Ba=ctew}wml-' lacte acidi bulgarien/fs, because of its .somewhatl1m1ted usefulness. It is to propagate and grow the first and third,particularly the first, of these classes of "bacteria, to-wit:

Bacterum Zwcte's acid/i, and Bedarf/mn, lacte ac z'di bulgm'ms, and toelim'inaote the second 0f these classes, to wit: B'ctem'um Zctis acidierogenes,-that the present invention 7ois"desi`gned. That is to say, itis the object of the present invention to take a'sainple of milk inwhich all 'bacterial organisms and spores have been destroyed, inoculatelit Bctemwm- Zctz's bulgaricm, and main'- tain lthe sample so inoculated.under ,such conditionsvth'atothe 'culture will propagate and growluntil the entire. sample 'is a culture of the inoculating bacteria, andat the 8o s ame tune the conditions are such that the 1 @materia/mZactz's cz'i aerogenes cannot posslbly `be incubated o'r propagated,land ifby any chance it should be, it would .at

fonce be overcome anddestroyed bythe lac- 85'` tic acid bacteria whichunder the conditions referred to are the stronger.

The Belote Zazcis alc/d is the most useful and desirable bacterium tothe dairyman because it @i )duces a smooth solid curd, having 'a clean,sharp, 'sour taste lbut f devoidof anyodor, gas bubbles or separationofthe whey. These .bacteria when of a uniform' uality and uncontaminated:and

free from t e Banter/ima Zwjct'z'a 'weroe5 genes are invaluable in theproduction of buttermilk, cheese, butter and other dairy products andthe products thus produced are '.of the very highest grade and command.the highest market prices. propagate. or incubate* between approximatelysixty (60)and seventy (70) degrees Fahrenheit, and most readily andrapidly t or about sixty-eight (68) degrees Fahreneit. f v

while not asuseful as the Bactemum lactic is of considerable'use tothedairyman l' These bacteria lo@ Fahrenheit.

in that it is essential inthe manufacture of .I what is commonly knownasBul arian buttermilk, it being high in acid. bese bacteria`propagate or'lncubate approximately 'betweenfninety\(90) and one hundred (100)degrees Fahrenheit, and `most rapidly .and readily at or aboutninety-seveny (9 degrees rlhe undesirability of the Bacteiium lacticacilaerog'erws is because it is a gas producingbacterium that has andimparts an un- Apleasant flavor to the product in which it e occurs,thereby creatingv a product that 1s very inferior not a total loss, asin the case of cheese where -it causes the cheese to swell. and be forall intents and purposes worthless.

Of course, it will be understood that all of the culture shall be underconditions Amostl favorable to the bacteria vto be propagated andunfavorable. to all other bacteria.

It is, therefore, the purpose of the 'present invention to provide an'incubator wherein the temperature will be automatically mainf tained ator about sixty-eight (68) or ninetyu seven (97) degrees Fahrenheit in,order that these classes of bacteria can be and are ,di-

vided into various subclasses of bacteria, but

for lthe present purposes the three general classes ,referred to aresufficient.

Manifestly, therefore, to produce a proper Iure cultureof Bacteria/mlactic acidi, or of acterium Zactis acidi bulgaria-us, with which toinoculate sterilized milk, it is necessar to inoculate a sample ofsterilized milk witlias nearly pure a culture of Bacteri'imi Zal/uisacidi or Ba'cterium 'lactic acidi bulgari-icas as possible, and maintainthe sample so inoculated at-the temperature of sixty-eight (68) orninety-seven (97) degrees Fahrenheit fas the casel may be, dependentupon the :inoculating bacteria.\ Thus, the incubating bacteria willpropagate most efiiciently and at the same time the Bacterium lctiserogcies will be eliminated entirely. Heretofore, while it has, in a fewinstances, been possible to maintain a bacterial culture for a somewhatlengthy period under the most favorable condit1ons,vusually in aresearch labforatory', it has been impossible direct to v'maintain anddevelop a pure and uniform culture commercially, without renewing theculture from a bacteriological laboratory at statedliperiods, usuallyevery week or two. Hence, as the culture mustrbe renewed, it must begradually deteriorating and as the quallty 'o' the commercial productQdepends y upon the qualit of the culture Vby means .ofkwhich it is mae, the product such as; butter, cheese, etc., made froml such`a cul -ftu`r'e 1s not uniform inquality and therefore does not command thehighestmarket price' i for this reason.

` The present invention is a part of an ap: paratus for carrying outamethod or process ofprcpagating or incubating a pure bacteriologicalculture which may be maintained inil definitely without renewal andiwill improve constantly rather than deteriorate. Thus, a uniform orconstantly improving culture may be maintained, and the product lmadetherewith will beuniform or constantly improving as to uality. Todothis,it is very essential that t e incubation and storage of 1919, Serialnecessary to enlarge'upon the same in, the.

a. sample of sterilifzed milk inoculated with` 'Bacterium Zactis acidior Bacteria/m lactic l@acidi b-ulgricus respectively may develop andpropagate as rapidly as possible into a pure culture and to furtherprovide a means of storing the culture thus produced to main! tain thesame at a temperature where the culture will not becomev spoiled orcon-l taminated.

As before stated, this inventionI is a part.

of an apparatus designed to carry out a method whereby anyone skilled inthe dairy .art may make and proyp'agate an absolutely sol pure anduniform culture indefinitely without,` renewal. Inasmuch as the balanceof the apparatus and the method referred to constitute the subjectsmatter of separate applications filed simultaneously herewith, viz

William O. Frohring, method andprocess of incubating and propagatingbactriological cultures, filed May 2, 1919, Serial Number 294,350; andWilliam O. Frohrin and Julius J. Mo'onnier, sterilizers, filed ay 2,

umber 294,283, it will befunpresent application.

In carrylng out Abase B is provided and is of any suitable 4I is locatedtherebetween\ construction for supporting the-sterilizer S, theincubator I and the storage and refrigeration ap aratus R. Thesterilizer S is'for the treatlng of a sample'of milk so that allorganisms, bacteria and spores are absolutely destroyed and killed andasit forms no part" the present `invention a 4of the present applicationit is unnecessary rangement makes it possible to-start at the left ofthej base B and successively use the apparatus to properly carry out themethod of propagating and indefinltely maintaining a uniformly pureculture ofl Bacteria/,m Zactis acidi, or Bacteiiwm lactic acidibulgaricus, as aforesaid. Mounted in the base B under the sterlzer S andthe storage and refrigeration apparatus B are the drawers 10 for thereinsane ception and Stora e 'of supplies, the space 11 between saidrawers being. devoted to thefmounting' of the motor that drives thecirculation fan or blower of the incubator ll-, as will be hereinaftermore fully described.

'llhe wall, door, (other than the mounting thereof), top and bottom ofboth 'the incubator I and the storage and refrigeration 4apparatus R isthe same in both instances fand constitutes an insulated constructionthat will prevent the temperature of the atmosphere Vsurrounding theapparatusfrom adecting that of the interior thereof and vice Versa.rlhis construction embodies an outer wall 12 and an inner wall 13separated by a gap filled with an yinsulating material 14 such as cork,charcoal, mineral wool or the like, which prevents radiation from withinthe apparatus or the'aectin ature ofthe interior thereo by that of theatmosphere surrounding the same. A coveriing 15 of sheet metal issecured to the outer 'wall12 of all portions of both theincubator l andthe storage andl refrigeration apparatus R, except ,the bottoms thereofwhich rest directly upon vthe base B. Likewise a similar metal.covering16 is attached 'to the inner Wall 13 throughout the entirestructure. l

rllhe incubator lihas a door 17 which swings about the Vertical hinges18; while the storage and refrigeration 'apparatus R is provided with adoor 19 which swings about the horizontal hinges 20 located at thebottom of said apparatus. inasmuch as both the doors 17 and 19 and thewalls of the 'incubator l andthel'storage and refrigeration apparatus'Rare'of double construction,

' in thatxthey'are all composed ofthe ,inner the doors 17 and 19 andthewalls of the cov wall 13 and the outer Wall 12,`it'is possible Ito havethe stepped edges 21, with which the doors 17 and 19- are provided,co-operate and .interengagewith the. similar stepped edges 22 of thewalls of their respective apparatus. The inner metallic coverings 16 ofoperating apparatus areextended'over the stepped Ledges 21 and-22respectively;

A hot plate or rgriddle 23, Iis supported yon the legs 24 onthevinterior of the vrincubator ll in' a position elevated 'from thebottom of theincubator.y Uponeach siderwall of the t incubator. landparallel tothe hot plate 23- are the brackets 25, said brackets 25resting .in a common'plane removed from and parallel to the planeoffs'aid hot plate.. It is up'onthese brackets 25 that the gauze orperforatedshelf 26 reststo supprtgthe re-r ceptacles containing theinoculated lsamples of milk during the period of incubatiori, saidlshelf being'made of gauze or perforated'to.

permit a free circulation -through and about the same-and thereceptacleresting thereon;

tfbshing 'or bearing 27 pierces the bot-' tomf ofthe ,incubator lladjacent the f wall ofthe temperflange 29 that rests flush against theinterior` surface of the bottom of the incubator L,

while its lower end is threaded to receive the clamp nut 30 which bearsagainst the exterior surface of the bottom of the incubator l. rlhelower end of the fan or blower /fshaft 28 terminates* in or is connectedto the shaft ofvan electrical motor 31 carried by the,` bracket 32,secured tothe under side of the bottom of theincubatorl to one side ofthe shaft 28 and motor 31. At its upper end the. shaft 28 has the fan orblower 33 keyed'or otherwise fixed thereto, and thus located/belowy thehot plate or griddle 23. t

F rom the foregoing it is-clear that the fan or blower 33y willcirculate the air within the incubator l through the hot plate orlgriddle 23 and along the wall of the incubator adjacent said fan orblower, across the top thereof, down the opposite wall, and againthrough t-he hot plate. In this manner vternperature within theincubator is the same f at all points and. varies only as the control,to bel hereinafter described, varies. By having the shelf 26 perforatedor formed of auze, this circulation may be carried on through the shelfand about the receptacles thereon.` I

Within the storage and refrigeration apparatus and on the bottomthereof, is mounted a series of parallel tracks 34 upon which operates atruck consisting of thetank 35 andthe/rollers 36 under the same, saidrollers p engaging the tracks aforesaid.'y The tankf35 occupies themajority of the space' in the apparatus R and isdesigned 'to receive icewhich serves the double purposevof co-operating with the hot plate 23 ofthe in-- cubator Ili to regulate the temperature there in, as will behereinafter apparent, and ofA maintaining a .relatively low temperaturein the`tank35. lt'is in this tank 35 that the receptacles containing thecultures incubated in the incubatorI l are placed, after being removedfrom said incubator, the ice within the tanksurrounding the receptaclesso containing the cultures.' y

The door'19 of the apparatus R rwhen open rests in a horizontal/positionand is supported bythe chains 37 extendingfrom each iside of the outerterminal of'said`door'tothe upper end of each sidewall of saidapparagaged between the guides 39 medially cached to the door near itsfree edge.

to its outer terminal as at 34", throughl the medium of which saidextension track may swing with the' doord 19 to which it is slidablyconnected by means of the pin 38 ar ranged transversely thereofadjoining its outer end, and being reciprocatingly enat- At the'outerterminal thereof, the extension track 34 is curved outwardly as at 34cto A create a stop for the truck, thereby preventing it from leaving thet-racks 34 and 34a when it is withdrawn from the apparatus R.

In operation the door 19 may be lowered u ntil it assumes a horizontalposition where it will be supported by the chains 37, .as illus-` tratedin Fig. 3, at which time the truck may be operated along the tracks 34and 34, and

be `thus removed vfrom the apparatus R;

This locates the central roller 36 on the eX'- tension trackv 34 andvthe side rollers remain on the tracks 34 within 'the apparatus so thatready access may be had to the tank for the purpose of filling it withice, or packing receptacles containing cultures .in ice therein. f

It is clear that the incubator I in itself only contains a source ofheat (to-Wit: the

hot plate or griddle 23), While the storage and refrigeration apparatusR in itself only embodies a means of maintaining a relatively lowtemperature and in order .to uti,-

lize thelatter in'regulating the temperature within the incubator I aconnection or means of communication is provided between the two;thereby making it possible for the fan or'blower 33 to pass the heatedair inthe incubator through the refrigeration and storage 'apparatus.when the temperature thereof'^ is above that desired..v To accomphshthis two vertically alined horizontal ports or passages `38 pierce thevWall 39 between the incubator l and the storage and.

refrigeration .apparatus B, one adjacent the top and theother adjacentthe bottom thereo f. One ofthese passages or'ports 38 .is located atoradjacent to the top of the wall 39 While the other is at or adjacent tothe bottom of said wall; both of said ports or -passages being ualignedvertically andmedially of the depth of the 'incubator I, and the storageand refrigeration apparatus R. When, circulation is free through theports or passages l38 the .operation of the fan or blower 33. will forcethe air from the incu- '-bator I through the upper of said ports orpassages into thestora or refrigeration appaatus R,where it w1 lcirculate freely, re-

turningto the incubator by-way of the lower port or passage.-'Ihis'a'ction'v reduces the temperature of the air'passing .through theapparatus Rand in combination with the hot` plate or `griddle- 23`operates to accu-l rately and definitely determine the temperaturewithin the incubator 1 any In order to prevent Acirculation through theports or passages 38 the wall 39 is provided with a cavity 40 centraliof its height and adjoining thefore part o the machine, said cavitybeing entirely enclosed by the wall 39 as illustrated in Fig. 4. Ahorizontal' shaft 41 is arranged transversely of thel cavity 40 andpierces'the wall 39 at each end thereof, so that a portion of the saidshaft projects into both the incubator I and the apparatus R. Theseprojecting ends of the shaft 41`have the resilient bars 42 fixed there-At their ends the bars 42 the walll 39 and creating a suiiciently tightcontact. between the wall and'v the 'disks to effectively stopcirculation through said ports when the disks 43 register with them.`

Manifestly, by oscillating the shaft 41 a similar action will beimparted to the bars 42 and the disks 43 to register the latter with theports or passages 38 or to movethem out of registration therewithdependent on the l movement transmitted to the shaft 41. i This isaccomplished by the control-shaft 45 extending longitudinally lof thecavity 40, terminating at its rear end near the shaft 41, and at itsforward end projecting from the front vertical edge or/face'J of the.wall 39 where .it can be freely manipulated by the hand' wheel46 fixedthereto at this point or by other suitable means. The rear end of theshaft 45'is supported byand operates in the bearin 47 secured to thefloor of the haty the manipulation of the control shaft 45 by the-handwheel 46 or otherwise may 3be vtransmitted to the shaft 41 the latterhas a beveled gear 48 keyed to it which meshes with a similar gear 49keyedto the former, thus prbviding a direct drive between said shafts.

- From the foregoing it becomes at oncefa -z parent' that the presentinvention inclu esV a low temperature incubator, the temperature ofwhlch maybe regulated in part by ratus through the medium of anair circumeans of4 a storage and refrigeration appationthrough the. incubatorandthe apparatus aforesaid, rihis circulation of air also maintains thetem eratilre within the incu` bator the same ata l points, thuseliminating all' variations that might affect the eiiicien'cy oftheenti're apparatus.

The 4further regulation of the temperature maarre either 68 or 97Fahrenheittavorable respeotively to the propagation and incubation ofthe Bwcteriwm lactic acz'cior Bacteria/m, lactic ulgarz'cus, incombination with si nals here shown in the Aform of lamps, one

, et which will indicate the operation of the late or iddle 23 andtheotherv of whic willindlcate'the non-'o erationot the hot plate orgriddle 23.. lin-t is manner the operator is automatically Vmade aware'of the temperature conditions withinthe incubator l and may kmanuallyregulate the means of communication' between the incubatorv li and thestorage and refrigeration apparatus R. This mechanism is illustrateddiagrammatically in 'ilFi 5 and in lFig; 1 is shown the switchboard -Bcarryving the switches, lamps, signals, etc., used in the electricalcontrol of the incubator and other apparatus.

ln carrying out the .electrical control laforesaid switchboard S--B isprovided, on

which is mouited the line switch 50, the relay 51, thev red lamp- 52,thegreen lamp 52a and the snap switches 53, 54 and 55. The line circuitterminates in the line switch 5.()v from which is taken'the circuit 5.0ifor the incubatpr'motor'3l and the circuit 50 for the sterilizer motor'56. The first of 'circuit `59d 'is taken from the line `switch 50,'-

these circuits 50 is controlled by thesnap switch55, whereby theincubator motor 31 mayor maynot be operated, dependent upon theadjustment of ,the switch 55, whereas the secondof these circuits 50c iscontrolledA by thesnap switch 53, whereby the sterilizer motor56-1sor isnot operated upouthe-adjustmentof the said-snap switch; A third and'includes the hot plate 23. This circuit is' bridgedfbyfthe redlamp` 52-an'd hence when the circuit, 50T is closed, thel hot .plate 23 will bein operation andthe lamp 52 lit." The relay 51 above referred to isprovidedfor the making and the breakingof the hot plate circuit 50., thearmature 51',v of said relaynormall Lclosing the hot plate circuit :55.AA normal y open circuit 51 includes the relay 51, the thermostaticcontrol 57 and the battery or other source' of current'supply.

51. The-open condition of the circuit 51 `is maintained by the separatedterminals 51ll and 51 ot the thermostatic control 57, said controlconstituting 'ca thermomete wherein a rise in'temperatune lwill causetheoolu of mercury thereof' to rise, connecting the terminals 51 and 51.`.The thermostatic control 57 is so adjusted that when the temperature.surrounding the' 4same exceeds 97 ahrenhfeit, the column of jnercurwithin the control will connect the termlnals 51d and 51" of the circuit51, thus closing the circuit and energizing the relay 51. This f causesthe armature 51 of the relay 51 to be attracted tothe .coils'ot therelay, thereby breaking the circuit 55, extinguishing the lamp 52 andcutting odlthe hot plate 53. Simultaneously with breaking the hot platecircuit 50, the armature 51 vcloses 'the circuit 50"` bridged across thecircuit 50, in-

-cluding the greendamp 52, by means of a.;

block 51" insulated from-the body of the armature 5l. Manifestly,therefore, when the circuit 51 .is closed, the hot platecircuit 50d isbroken and the lamp 52 extinguished, and simultaneously therewith thecircuit 50 of the green'. lamp 52'a is closed, lighting said lamp andautomatically indicating to the operator that the hot plate circuit isbroken. As' soon as the temperature within the incubator l falls to 97Fahrenheit or below,the column of mercury within the thermostaticcontrol 57 will cease toserveras a connection betweenthe terminals 51c1and 51, and the circuitl will consequently be broken. The

armature 51', as ares'u'lt of the 'breaking of the circuit 51 will tallaway, resuming its normal positiom-where it closes the circui t 51% Thisaction or the armature naturally breaks the green lamp circuit 50,causing i the lamp. 52a to be extinguished, and the lamp 52 to be lit. tln order, however, to cause the temperature within the incubator l toYbe maintained around 68 Fahrenheit@ second thermostatic control 58 isprovided andris bridged across the circuit 51a by means Jot:` theauxiliary circuit`58a. This auxiliary circuit also in-` 'cludes the snapswitch'54f by means of which A the 'auxiliary circuit 58a may be openedor closed, determined by whether or not it'is y desired Oto make thethermostatic control 58 .efectivaA When the snap switch 5t is'closed,

a rise of temperature within the incubatir ll beyond ,68 Fahrenheit twill cause `the "zcolulmnf of mercury within the thermostatic controlf,which in all respectsexcept adjustment. is identical withthethermostatic` Icontrol 57, to close the normally openauxili ary circuit'58 ,and consequently. close .the main'control circuit 51.with-tl1eresult that.'

rio

rit

the hot plate 'circuit 23 is broken and the l lamps 52, and 52controlled as before ldescribed. f l

fllrom the foregoing it will'be observed that when the thermstaticcontrolp58 is eflectiva-the circuit 51 will be closed prior to anycontrol thereof by the thermostatic control 57,v ln other words theclosing ofthe snap switch 5ll ,sets the apparatus for -the propagation@n the contrary the opening of theswitch'll by rendering the control 58non-effective sets `the apparatus for the propagation of Bactem'umlactic acidi bwlgmicus.

It is, of course, manifest that the electrical arrangements for -thecontrol of the temperature within the incubator I- can be varied and thedetails thereof considerably lio changed without departing from thescope and spirit thereof. v What isclaimed is: f 1. The combination witha bacteriologica incubator, of a source of heat therein, a

thermostat/ic control for ysaid Vsource o-f heat,l

4. The combination with a bacteriological i incubator, of means formaintaining a predetermined temperature therein, and a fan i forcreating a circulation Within said in- 5. The combination with a"incubator, of a hot plate therein, a ther-` cubator. "n

bacteriological mostatic control 'for said l hot plate, and means'v foruniformly distributing --the heat generated by said hot plate throughoutthe incubator and reducing .the temperature within the incubator whenthe hot plate i ceases to generate heat under the thermostatic controlaforesaid.

6. The combination with, a bacteriological4 -incubator, of a hot platetherein, a thermostatic control for said hot plate, and a fan adapted touniformly distribute v'the heat created by the hot plate.

7 The combination with a bacteriolo ical incubator, of a' hot platetherein,u a t ermostatic control for saidhot plate, and a fan adapted touniformly distributetheI heat.

created by the hot plate and reduce the temperature within the'incubatorwhen( the hot platecbases to generate heat under the thermostaticcontrol aforesaid.

8. .The combination with a bacteriological incubator, of a hot platetherein, a ther-y v mostatic control for' said hot plate,Y a fan adaptedto uniformlydistribute the heat created by the hot plate and reduce fthe'temperature within the incubator when. the

hot l plate ceases to generate heat under the, i thermostatic controlaforesaid,l and a perforated shelf above said fan 'andhot plate.

iasaive 9. The combination .with` an incubator, ofl

'a refrigeration apparatus, means of communioation between/saidincubator andfsaidI refrigeration apparatus, and means( for creating acirculation thro-ugh said means-of communication between said incubatorand said refrigeration apparatus. l.

10. The combination with an incubator,

of a refrigeration apparatus, multiple means of communication betweensaid refrigeration apparatus and said incuJator, means for creating a ,ycirculation t rough said multiple means of communicationbetween saidincubator and said refrigeration apparatus, land closures for'said meansof communication. f

11. The combination with an incubator, of

a refrigeration, apparatus, multiple meansof communication between saidrefrigeration apparatus vand said incubator, means foi' creating acirculation throughV said multiple means of communication between saidincuf bator and saidirefrigeration apparatus, andl means forsimultaneously adjusting'the closures for said means of lcommunicationaforesaid.

12. The combination with an incubator,

of an adjoining refrigeration apparatus, and I a wallseparating saidincubator vand said refrigeration apparatus having a plurality ofpassages comprising the same and con'- stituting means of communicationbetween said incubator and said refrigeration apparatus. v 13. Thecombination with an incubator, of an adjoining refrigerationv apparatus,a wall separating said incubator and said refrigerationappara us havinga plurality of passages piercing the same and constituting means ofcommunication between said incubator and said iefrigeration apparatus,-

and closuresfor said passages.'

14. The combination with an incubator,

,of an adjining refrigeration apparatus, a.

wall separating said incubator and said refrigeration apparatus having aplurality of passages piercing lthe saine and constituting means ofcommunication between said iin-l cubator and said refrigerationapparatus, andclosures fonthe terminalsof `said ,passages. f l

15.. 'of an adjoining refrigeration apparatus, a wall separating saidincubator and said refrigeration apparatus'having aI plurality of Thecombination with ,an incubator, I

passages vpiercing ythe saine and constituting A means of communicationbetween said incubator and said refrigeration apparatus, closures for'said passages, ,-and' means for loperating said closures to render saidmeans of'communicatioir effective oi4 non-effective.

of l.an electricall heat generator' therein, two -ther'mostatic controlswithin said incubator,

1 6. The combinationl with an incubator,A

and. means cooperating with4 said controls 130 lo 18. The combination is to said refrigerator' ,an

ed said cabinet by Maarre whereby either of said controls render saidheat enerator edective 'or non-edective,

17. he. combination with an incubator, of a heat generator therein, 'athermostatic 5 control for said lheat generator whereby" said generatoris madeeiiectiveor non-ef fective, and a' signal to communicate theleectiven'css or non-edectiveness of Ysaid neratr.'

of an electrical heat `generator therein, a

, thermostatic control adapted to render said generator eective ornon-eiiective and signalsv under the control of said thermostatlc itcontrol for indicating the edectiveness and 'non-eilectiveness of saidgenerator.

' 19. ln an incubator the combination kwith -a cabinet, of a hot platetherein, and a fan below said hot plate andadjoining one Wall ao of saidcabinet.

20. lin an incubator the combination with a cabinet, of a hot-platetherein, and means below said hot-plate and adjoining one wall of saidcabinet for creatin an eyen vdistribution ot" heat Agenerate by5 saidhot Plate- 2l. lin van incubator the combination with a cabinet, et abot plate therein adjacent the bottonitheieo, and a tan under said sohot plate and' adjacent one Wall of said cabinet for' creating eyendistribution ot the heat from said bot plate, i

22. lin an incubator thehcombinationfwith -a cabinet,

of a het plate therein,` and a fan at vvbelow saidhot .plate to evenlydistribute the heat created by said hot. plate.

incub tor the combination with arabinet, ot a refrigerator connectedwith said cabinet by superposed'passages, and

40 a .tan adjoining the bottom and-one Wall of l said cabinet, H. l

24 lin an incubateritbe combination with a ca inet, of a Vretrlgeratorconnected `tyitb `said cabrnetby superposed passages, and-a tanvaoiningthe bottom and 'one wall ot saidc inetto createv a circulationfrom the cabinet througlthe upper offsaid. passages back to th cabinetthe 'lower-of said passage an incubator the combinationwith a cabinet,of a refrigerator connected -with said cabinet by a plurality ofpassages, and szneans in said cabinet' for creating a circulationrom'said cabinet through 'part ot at said passages to-and through saidrefrigerator and bach to said-cabinet by way ofthev `=remainingpasses...

26. llnanincuator the combination with a cabinet, of a rel-ri, eratorconnected'with a p urality ot passages, a .hot platein' said cabinetadjacent the botwith' an incubator,A

' create a circu ation Within and back .ried by said bars.

` bars, and means rigerator,

tom thereof, and ay fan below said hot plate)i fhot plate in saidcabinet adjacent the .bot-

tom thereof, and a fan below/said hot vplate and adjoinin one wall ofsaid cabinet to said cabinet and also from said cabinet through part ofsaid passages 'to and through said refrigerator.

to said cabinet through thereniainin passages.

29. he combination *lt/'ith an incubator j,

lcabinet of va refrigerator connected 'with ,said cabinet by apluralityot passages, and closures in said cabinet and sai refrlgerator forsealing said passages.

30. The combination with an incubator cabinet, of a refrigeratorconnected with said cabinet by av pluralityofsupenposed passages, ashaft located medially of said passages, spring bars at the ends of saidshaft, and closures .for said passages car 'an incubator cabinet, of arefrigerator .connected with said cabinetby a pluralityof superposed yassages, bars in said cabinet and 3l.- The combination with rigerator,and closures for said .passages Aat the ends of said bars.

32. 'lhe combination 'With` an incubator cabinet, of a'refrigeratorconnected with said cabinetO-by .a plurality ot superposed passages,ashaft located 'medially of said passages, spring bars at the .ends ofsaid shaft, closures for vsaid assages carriedby said ildr oscillatingsaid. shaft.'

33."ll`he combination with an incubator cabinet, of a refrigerator'connected with said cabinet by a plurality of superposed passages, barsin said cabinet and said, refrigerator, closures for said passagescarried by bars, and means for .operating said .j 3d. The combinationwith an incubator cabinet, of a refrigerator connectedA with saidcabinets by a pluralityl of superposed4 and said reassagcsbars in saidcabinet closures for lsaid passages carand means for operating said barsto' simultaneously seal said assages.

WllLLlAll/l O. FRUHRD Gr.v f JULlUS JUHN MUJONNlERL ried by bars,

rie g rit

